KATHMANDU: As pre-monsoon rains gain momentum, concerns about an imminent dengue outbreak are mounting across various parts of the country. The convergence of stagnant water and high temperatures, ideal conditions for the breeding of dengue vectors, has raised alarms among health experts. Professor Murari Das, an entomologist at the BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, highlighted the presence of dengue vectors in numerous locations nationwide, signaling a potential surge in dengue cases in the near future.

Dengue, a viral disease transmitted by female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, poses a significant public health threat. These vectors are also responsible for transmitting other diseases such as chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika virus, as identified by the World Health Organization. The Epidemiology and Disease Control Division reported dengue infections in 57 districts, including the Kathmandu Valley, where cases have been detected in Kathmandu, Lalitpur, and Bhaktapur.

Dr. Gokarna Dahal, Chief of the Vector Control Section at the division, warned of a potential increase in dengue cases due to recent upticks in pre-monsoon rainfall activities. While post-monsoon is traditionally considered a high transmission season for dengue, Nepal has experienced outbreaks throughout the year, establishing the country as endemic to the virus. Since the beginning of 2024, approximately 1,000 individuals have already contracted the disease, with reported cases potentially representing only a fraction of the actual infections.

The severity of the situation is underscored by past outbreaks, where dengue-related fatalities and infections have surged, overwhelming healthcare facilities and causing significant public health challenges. Despite the alarmingly high infection rates, health authorities have often been criticized for their perceived lack of urgency in addressing the issue. Epidemiologists and virologists emphasize the need for proactive measures such as awareness campaigns, enhanced vector surveillance, and prompt preventive actions to mitigate the risk of outbreaks.

To combat the spread of dengue, authorities must prioritize proactive measures and community engagement. These efforts include raising awareness about vector breeding grounds, such as uncovered water tanks and discarded containers, and educating the public on recognizing dengue symptoms. Early detection and access to appropriate medical care are crucial for managing dengue cases effectively, as there is currently no specific cure for the disease. By taking proactive steps and fostering collaboration among stakeholders, Nepal can mitigate the impact of dengue outbreaks and safeguard public health.